This article covers relevant abstract provisions of GST Laws related to reversal of Input Tax Credit (ITC) used in relation to Exempted or NIL Rated output Supplies:-
As per Section 17 of the GST Laws:-
“Section 17 (2) – Where the goods or services or both are used by the registered person partly for effecting taxable supplies including zero-rated supplies under this Act or under the Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act and partly for effecting exempt supplies under the said Acts, the amount of credit shall be restricted to so much of the input tax as is attributable to the said taxable supplies including zero-rated supplies.”
“Section 17 (3)- The value of exempt supply under sub-section (2) shall be such as may be prescribed, and shall include supplies on which the recipient is liable to pay tax on reverse charge basis, transactions in securities, sale of land and, subject to clause (b) of paragraph 5 of Schedule II, sale of building.”
“Section 17 (5)- Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) of section 16 and subsection (1) of section 18, input tax credit shall not be available in respect of the following, namely:—
(a) motor vehicles and other conveyances except when they are used––
(i) for making the following taxable supplies, namely:—
(A) further supply of such vehicles or conveyances ; or
(B) transportation of passengers; or
(C) imparting training on driving, flying, navigating such vehicles or conveyances;
(ii) for transportation of goods;
(b) the following supply of goods or services or both—
(i) food and beverages, outdoor catering, beauty treatment, health services, cosmetic and plastic surgery except where an inward supply of goods or services or both of a particular category is used by a registered person for making an outward taxable supply of the same category of goods or services or both or as an element of a taxable composite or mixed supply;
(ii) membership of a club, health and fitness centre;
(iii) rent-a-cab, life insurance and health insurance except where––
(A) the Government notifies the services which are obligatory for an employer to provide to its employees under any law for the time being in force; or
(B) such inward supply of goods or services or both of a particular category is used by a registered person for making an outward taxable supply of the same category of goods or services or both or as part of a taxable composite or mixed supply; and
(iv) travel benefits extended to employees on vacation such as leave or home travel concession;
(c) works contract services when supplied for construction of an immovable property (other than plant and machinery) except where it is an input service for further supply of works contract service;
(d) goods or services or both received by a taxable person for construction of an immovable property (other than plant or machinery) on his own account including when such goods or services or both are used in the course or furtherance of business.
Explanation.––For the purposes of clauses (c) and (d), the expression
“construction” includes re-construction, renovation, additions or alterations or repairs, to the extent of capitalisation, to the said immovable property;
(e) goods or services or both on which tax has been paid under section 10;
(f) goods or services or both received by a non-resident taxable person except on goods imported by him;
(g) goods or services or both used for personal consumption;
(h) goods lost, stolen, destroyed, written off or disposed of by way of gift or free samples; and
(i) any tax paid in accordance with the provisions of sections 74, 129 and 130.”
It is important to note here that taxpayer providing Taxable and NIL Rated Supply will have to reverse a portion of the eligible ITC on supplies of Input Goods and Services in accordance with the Rule 42 (Input and Input Services) & 43 (Capital Goods) of GST Rules noted as below:-
Rule 42 – Manner of determination of input tax credit in respect of inputs or input services and reversal thereof.-
(1) The input tax credit in respect of inputs or input services, which attract the provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 17, being partly used for the purposes of business and partly for other purposes, or partly used for effecting taxable supplies including zero rated supplies and partly for effecting exempt supplies, shall be attributed to the purposes of business or for effecting taxable supplies in the following manner, namely,-
(a) the total input tax involved on inputs and input services in a tax period, be denoted as ‘T’;
(b) the amount of input tax, out of ‘T’, attributable to inputs and input services intended to be used exclusively for the purposes other than business, be denoted as ‘T1’;
(c) the amount of input tax, out of ‘T’, attributable to inputs and input services intended to be used exclusively for effecting exempt supplies, be denoted as ‘T2’;
(d) the amount of input tax, out of ‘T’, in respect of inputs and input services on which credit is not available under sub-section (5) of section 17, be denoted as ‘T3’;
(e) the amount of input tax credit credited to the electronic credit ledger of registered person, be denoted as ‘C1’ and calculated as-
C1 = T- (T1+T2+T3);
(f) the amount of input tax credit attributable to inputs and input services intended to be used exclusively for effecting supplies other than exempted but including zero rated supplies, be denoted as ‘T4’;
(g) ‘T1’, ‘T2’, ‘T3’ and ‘T4’ shall be determined and declared by the registered person at the invoice level in FORM GSTR-2;
(h) input tax credit left after attribution of input tax credit under clause (g) shall be called common credit, be denoted as ‘C2’ and calculated as-
C2 = C1- T4;
(i) the amount of input tax credit attributable towards exempt supplies, be denoted as ‘D1’ and calculated as-
D1= (E÷F) × C2
where,
‘E’ is the aggregate value of exempt supplies during the tax period, and
‘F’ is the total turnover in the State of the registered person during the tax period:
Provided that where the registered person does not have any turnover during the said tax period or the aforesaid information is not available, the value of ‘E/F’ shall be calculated by taking values of ‘E’ and ‘F’ of the last tax period for which the details of such turnover are available, previous to the month during which the said value of ‘E/F’ is to be calculated;
Explanation: For the purposes of this clause, it is hereby clarified that the aggregate value of exempt supplies and the total turnover shall exclude the amount of any duty or tax levied under entry 84 of List I of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution and entry 51 and 54 of List II of the said Schedule;
(j) the amount of credit attributable to non-business purposes if common inputs and input services are used partly for business and partly for non-business purposes, be denoted as ‘D2’, and shall be equal to five per cent. of C2; and
(k) the remainder of the common credit shall be the eligible input tax credit attributed to the purposes of business and for effecting supplies other than exempted supplies but including zero rated supplies and shall be denoted as ‘C3’, where,-
C3 = C2 – (D1+D2);
(l) the amount ‘C3’ shall be computed separately for input tax credit of central tax, State tax, Union territory tax and integrated tax;
(m) the amount equal to aggregate of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’ shall be added to the output tax liability of the registered person:
Provided that where the amount of input tax relating to inputs or input services used partly for the purposes other than business and partly for effecting exempt supplies has been identified and segregated at the invoice level by the registered person, the same shall be included in ‘T1’ and ‘T2’ respectively, and the remaining amount of credit on such inputs or input services shall be included in ‘T4’.
(2) The input tax credit determined under sub-rule (1) shall be calculated finally for the financial year before the due date for furnishing of the return for the month of September following the end of the financial year to which such credit relates, in the manner specified in the said sub-rule and-
(a) where the aggregate of the amounts calculated finally in respect of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’ exceeds the aggregate of the amounts determined under sub-rule (1) in respect of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’, such excess shall be added to the output tax liability of the registered person in the month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year to which such credit relates and the said person shall be liable to pay interest on the said excess amount at the rate specified in sub-section (1) of section 50 for the period starting from the first day of April of the succeeding financial year till the date of payment; or
(b) where the aggregate of the amounts determined under sub-rule (1) in respect of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’ exceeds the aggregate of the amounts calculated finally in respect of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’, such excess amount shall be claimed as credit by the registered person in his return for a month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year to which such credit relates.
TABLE FOR ELIGIBLE INPUT TAX CREDIT ON INPUT & INPUT SERVICES
(As per Rule 42)
| DENOTION | DESCRIPTION | FORMULA | |
| T | Total Input Tax involved on Input and Input Services in a Tax Period | – | |
| T1 | Amount of Input Tax attributable to inputs and input services intended to be used exclusively for the purposes other than business | – | |
| T2 | Amount of Input Tax attributable to inputs and input services intended to be used exclusively for effecting exempt supplies | – | |
| T3 | Amount of Input Tax in respect of inputs and input services on which credit is not available under sub-section (5) of section 17 | – | |
| T4 | Amount of ITC attributable to inputs and input services intended to be used exclusively for effecting supplies other than exempted but including zero rated supplies | – | |
| E | The aggregate value of exempt supplies during the tax period | – | |
| F | The total turnover in the State of the registered person during the tax period | – | |
| C1 | Amount of ITC credited to the electronic credit ledger of registered person | C1 = T – (T1+T2+T3) | |
| C2 | Common Credit of ITC | C2 = C1 – T4 | |
| D1 | Amount of input tax credit attributable towards exempt supplies
WHERE:- ‘E’ is the aggregate value of exempt supplies during the tax period, and ‘F’ is the total turnover in the State of the registered person during the tax period: |
D1= (E÷F) × C2
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| D2 | The amount of credit attributable to non-business purposes if C2 is partly used for business and partly for non business purposes | D2 = C2 * 5% | |
| C3 | ELIGIBLE INPUT TAX CREDIT | C3 = C2 – (D1+D2) | |
RULE 43 – Manner of determination of input tax credit in respect of capital goods and reversal thereof in certain cases.-
(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (3) of section 16, the input tax credit in respect of capital goods, which attract the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 17, being partly used for the purposes of business and partly for other purposes, or partly used for effecting taxable supplies including zero rated supplies and partly for effecting exempt supplies, shall be attributed to the purposes of business or for effecting taxable supplies in the following manner, namely,-
(a) the amount of input tax in respect of capital goods used or intended to be used exclusively for non-business purposes or used or intended to be used exclusively for effecting exempt supplies shall be indicated in FORM GSTR-2 and shall not be credited to his electronic credit ledger;
(b) the amount of input tax in respect of capital goods used or intended to be used exclusively for effecting supplies other than exempted supplies but including zero-rated supplies shall be indicated in FORM GSTR-2 and shall be credited to the electronic credit ledger;
(c) the amount of input tax in respect of capital goods not covered under clauses (a) and (b), denoted as ‘A’, shall be credited to the electronic credit ledger and the useful life of such goods shall be taken as five years from the date of the invoice for such goods:
Provided that where any capital goods earlier covered under clause (a) is subsequently covered under this clause, the value of ‘A’ shall be arrived at by reducing the input tax at the rate of five percentage points for every quarter or part thereof and the amount ‘A’ shall be credited to the electronic credit ledger;
Explanation.- An item of capital goods declared under clause (a) on its receipt shall not attract the provisions of sub-section (4) of section 18, if it is subsequently covered under this clause.
(d) the aggregate of the amounts of ‘A’ credited to the electronic credit ledger under clause (c), to be denoted as ‘Tc’, shall be the common credit in respect of capital goods for a tax period:
Provided that where any capital goods earlier covered under clause (b) is subsequently covered under clause (c), the value of ‘A’ arrived at by reducing the input tax at the rate of five percentage points for every quarter or part thereof shall be added to the aggregate value ‘Tc’;
(e) the amount of input tax credit attributable to a tax period on common capital goods during their useful life, be denoted as ‘Tm’ and calculated as-
Tm= Tc÷60
(f) the amount of input tax credit, at the beginning of a tax period, on all common capital goods whose useful life remains during the tax period, be denoted as ‘Tr’ and shall be the aggregate of ‘Tm’ for all such capital goods;
(g) the amount of common credit attributable towards exempted supplies, be denoted as ‘Te’, and calculated as-
Te= (E÷ F) x Tr
where,
‘E’ is the aggregate value of exempt supplies, made, during the tax period, and
‘F’ is the total turnover of the registered person during the tax period:
Provided that where the registered person does not have any turnover during the said tax period or the aforesaid information is not available, the value of ‘E/F’ shall be calculated by taking values of ‘E’ and ‘F’ of the last tax period for which the details of such turnover are available, previous to the month during which the said value of ‘E/F’ is to be calculated;
Explanation.- For the purposes of this clause, it is hereby clarified that the aggregate value of exempt supplies and the total turnover shall exclude the amount of any duty or tax levied under entry 84 of List I of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution and entry 51 and 54 of List II of the said Schedule;
(h) the amount Te along with the applicable interest shall, during every tax period of the useful life of the concerned capital goods, be added to the output tax liability of the person making such claim of credit.
(2) The amount Te shall be computed separately for central tax, State tax, Union territory tax and integrated tax.
TABLE FOR INPUT TAX CREDIT ON CAPITAL GOODS
(As per Rule 43)
| DENOTION | DESCRIPTION | FORMULA |
| Tc | Common Credit in respect of Capital Goods in a Tax Period
(excluding Input Tax credit on Capital Goods exclusively used either for Non Business Purpose or for effecting exempted supplies or for effecting supplies other than exempted supplies) |
– |
| E | The aggregate value of exempt supplies during the tax period | – |
| F | The total turnover of the registered person during the tax period | – |
| Tm | Amount of ITC attributable to a tax period on common capital goods during their useful life | Tm= Tc÷60
|
| Tr | Amount of ITC at the beginning of a tax period, on all common capital goods whose useful life remains during the tax period | Tr = Sum (Tm all Capital Goods having remaining life) |
| Te | The amount of common credit attributable towards exempted supplies | Te= (E÷ F) x Tr
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